Aluminum Reacts With Hydrochloric Acid

Chemic properties of aluminum

Chemical aluminum backdrop determined by its position in the periodic system of chemical elements.

The main chemical reaction of aluminum with other chemical elements. These reactions are determined bones chemic properties of aluminum.

What reacts aluminum

Simple substances:

halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine)
sulfur
phosphorus
nitrogen
carbon
oxygen (combustion)

Complex substances:

water
mineral acids (hydrochloric, phosphoric)
sulfuric acrid
Nitric acrid
alkalis
oxidizers
oxides of less active metals (alumothermy)

What did non respond aluminum

Aluminum does not react:

with hydrogen
under normal weather condition – with concentrated sulfuric acid (due to passivation – germination of a dense oxide pic)
under normal weather – with concentrated nitric acid (also due to passivation)

See. more on aluminum chemistry

Aluminum and air

Typically, the aluminum surface is always covered with a thin layer of aluminum oxide, which protects it from exposure to air, more precisely, oxygen. It is therefore considered, that aluminum does not react with air. If this oxide layer is damaged or removed, the fresh surface of aluminum reacts with oxygen in the air. Aluminum can burn in oxygen dazzling white flame to form aluminum oxide Al2O3.

Reaction of aluminum with oxygen:

4Al + 3O_two —> 2Al₂O_iii

Aluminum and water

Aluminum reacts with water according to the following reactions [2]:

2Al + 6H_twoO = 2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂ (1)
2Al + 4H_twoO = 2AlO (OH) + 3H₂ (2)
2Al + 3H₂O = Al₂O₃ + 3H₂ (3)

As a result of these reactions are formed, respectively, following aluminum compounds:

modification of aluminum hydroxide bayerite and hydrogen (ane)
modification of aluminum hydroxide bohemite and hydrogen (ii)
aluminum oxide and hydrogen (3)

these reactions, by the fashion, are of great interest in the evolution of compact hydrogen generation systems for vehicles, which run on hydrogen [2].

All these reactions are thermodynamically possible at a temperature of from room temperature to the melting point of aluminum 660 oC. All of them are also exothermic, that is, they occur with the release of heat [two]:

At a temperature from room temperature to 280 ºС the nigh stable reaction production is Al (OH)₃.
At a temperature of 280 to 480 ºС the most stable reaction product is AlO (OH).
At temperatures above 480 ºC well-nigh stable reaction product is Al₂O₃.

Thus, alumina Al_twoO₃It becomes thermodynamically more stable, than Al (OH)_threeat an elevated temperature. The production of the reaction of aluminum with water at room temperature is aluminum hydroxide Al (OH)₃.

Reaction (1) shows, that aluminum should spontaneously react with water at room temperature. However, in practice, a piece of aluminum, dropped into the water, It does not react with water at room temperature and even in boiling water. The thing is, that aluminum on the surface has a thin coherent layer of aluminum oxide Al_twoO₃. This oxide film is held firmly on the aluminum surface and prevents its reaction with water. therefore, to first and maintain the reaction of aluminum with water at room temperature, it is necessary to constantly remove or destroy this oxide layer [2].

Aluminum and halogens

Aluminum reacts violently with all halogens - these are:

fluorine F
chloro Cl
bromine Br and
iodine (iodine) I,

with educational activity, respectively:

ftorida AlF₃
chloride AlCl_iii
Al bromide₂Br₆and
Al iodide₂Br_6.

Reaction with hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, bromine and iodine:

2Al + 3F₂ → 2AlF_iii
2Al + 3Cl ₂ → 2AlCl ₃
2Al + 3Br₂ → Al₂Br_half-dozen
2Al + 3l_two → Al_iiI_{half dozen}

Aluminum and acid

Aluminum actively reacts with dilute acids: sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric, with the formation of the corresponding salts: aluminum sulfate Al_iiSo₄, aluminum chloride AlCl₃ and aluminum nitrate Al (NO_iii)_iii.

Reactions of aluminum with dilute acids:

2Al + 3H₂SO_four —> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H_two
2Al + 6HCl —> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂
2Al + 6HNO₃ —> 2By non_three)_three + 3H_two

C. Full-bodied sulfuric and hydrochloric acids at room temperature does not interact, reacts when heated to course a salt, oxides and water.

Aluminum and alkalis

Aluminum in an aqueous alkali solution – sodium hydroxide – reacted to form sodium aluminate.

The reaction of aluminum with sodium hydroxide is:

2Al + 2NaOH + 10H₂O -> 2Na [Al (H₂THE)₂(OH)₄] + 3H₂

All critical reactions with aluminum

For completeness, we present a list of the primary reactions involving aluminum from the central book on aluminum [three]:

The most important reactions involving aluminum [three]

Sources:

one. Chemic Elements. The start 118 elements, ordered alphabetically / ed. Wikipedians – 2018

ii. Reaction of Aluminum with Water to Produce Hydrogen /John Petrovic and George Thomas, U.S. Department of Energy, 2008

3. Thirteenth Element: Encyclopedia / A. Drozdov – RUSAL library, 2007.